--- icon: edit date: 2021-10-16 category: - Docker - Linux - Kubernetes tag: - Docker - linux - Kubernetes headerDepth: 5 --- # Linux 安装Kubernetes # kubeadm创建集群 > 请参照以前Docker安装。先提前为所有机器安装Docker 1、安装kubeadm - 一台兼容的 Linux 主机。Kubernetes 项目为基于 Debian 和 Red Hat 的 Linux 发行版以及一些不提供包管理器的发行版提供通用的指令 - 每台机器 2 GB 或更多的 RAM （如果少于这个数字将会影响你应用的运行内存) - 2 CPU 核或更多 - 集群中的所有机器的网络彼此均能相互连接(公网和内网都可以) - 设置防火墙放行规则 - 节点之中不可以有重复的主机名、MAC 地址或 product_uuid。请参见这里了解更多详细信息。 - 设置不同hostname - 开启机器上的某些端口。请参见这里 了解更多详细信息。 - 内网互信 - 禁用交换分区。为了保证 kubelet 正常工作，你 必须 禁用交换分区。 - 永久关闭 ### 1、基础环境 > 所有机器执行以下操作 ``` bash #各个机器设置自己的域名 hostnamectl set-hostname xxxx # 将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式（相当于将其禁用） sudo setenforce 0 sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config #关闭swap swapoff -a sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab #允许 iptables 检查桥接流量 cat < kubelet 现在每隔几秒就会重启，因为它陷入了一个等待 kubeadm 指令的死循环 ## 2、使用kubeadm引导集群 ### 1、下载各个机器需要的镜像 ```bash sudo tee ./images.sh <<-'EOF' #!/bin/bash images=( kube-apiserver:v1.20.9 kube-proxy:v1.20.9 kube-controller-manager:v1.20.9 kube-scheduler:v1.20.9 coredns:1.7.0 etcd:3.4.13-0 pause:3.2 ) for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/$imageName done EOF chmod +x ./images.sh && ./images.sh ``` ### 2、初始化主节点 ```bash #所有机器添加master域名映射，以下需要修改为自己的 echo "172.31.0.4 cluster-endpoint" >> /etc/hosts #主节点初始化 kubeadm init \ --apiserver-advertise-address=172.31.0.4 \ --control-plane-endpoint=cluster-endpoint \ --image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \ --kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \ --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \ --pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16 #所有网络范围不重叠 ``` ```bash Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully! To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user: mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run: export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster. Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/ You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root: kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token hums8f.vyx71prsg74ofce7 \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a394d059dd51d68bb007a532a037d0a477131480ae95f75840c461e85e2c6ae3 \ --control-plane Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root: kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token hums8f.vyx71prsg74ofce7 \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:a394d059dd51d68bb007a532a037d0a477131480ae95f75840c461e85e2c6ae3 ``` ```bash #查看集群所有节点 kubectl get nodes #根据配置文件，给集群创建资源 kubectl apply -f xxxx.yaml #查看集群部署了哪些应用？ docker ps === kubectl get pods -A # 运行中的应用在docker里面叫容器，在k8s里面叫Pod kubectl get pods -A ``` ### 3、根据提示继续 > master成功后提示如下： > ![image.png](/upload/2021/10/image-d246070956b74a95bef1c2b9fd9f19dd.png) #### 1、设置.kube/config 复制上面命令 #### 2、安装网络组件 [calico官网](https://docs.projectcalico.org/getting-started/kubernetes/self-managed-onprem/onpremises#install-calico-with-kubernetes-api-datastore-more-than-50-nodes) ```bash curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml -O kubectl apply -f calico.yaml ``` ### 4、加入node节点 ```bash kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token x5g4uy.wpjjdbgra92s25pp \ --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:6255797916eaee52bf9dda9429db616fcd828436708345a308f4b917d3457a22 ``` >新令牌 kubeadm token create --print-join-command >高可用部署方式，也是在这一步的时候，使用添加主节点的命令即可 ### 5、验证集群 - 验证集群节点状态 - kubectl get nodes ### 6、部署dashboard #### 1、部署 >kubernetes官方提供的可视化界面 https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard ```bash kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.3.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml ``` ```bash # Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. apiVersion: v1 kind: Namespace metadata: name: kubernetes-dashboard --- apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard --- kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: ports: - port: 443 targetPort: 8443 selector: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs namespace: kubernetes-dashboard type: Opaque --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf namespace: kubernetes-dashboard type: Opaque data: csrf: "" --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder namespace: kubernetes-dashboard type: Opaque --- kind: ConfigMap apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings namespace: kubernetes-dashboard --- kind: Role apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard rules: # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["secrets"] resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"] verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"] # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["configmaps"] resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"] verbs: ["get", "update"] # Allow Dashboard to get metrics. - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["services"] resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"] verbs: ["proxy"] - apiGroups: [""] resources: ["services/proxy"] resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"] verbs: ["get"] --- kind: ClusterRole apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard rules: # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"] resources: ["pods", "nodes"] verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"] --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: RoleBinding metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: Role name: kubernetes-dashboard subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: kubernetes-dashboard roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: kubernetes-dashboard subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard --- kind: Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: replicas: 1 revisionHistoryLimit: 10 selector: matchLabels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard template: metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard spec: containers: - name: kubernetes-dashboard image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.3.1 imagePullPolicy: Always ports: - containerPort: 8443 protocol: TCP args: - --auto-generate-certificates - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work. # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port volumeMounts: - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs mountPath: /certs # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs - mountPath: /tmp name: tmp-volume livenessProbe: httpGet: scheme: HTTPS path: / port: 8443 initialDelaySeconds: 30 timeoutSeconds: 30 securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false readOnlyRootFilesystem: true runAsUser: 1001 runAsGroup: 2001 volumes: - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs secret: secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs - name: tmp-volume emptyDir: {} serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard nodeSelector: "kubernetes.io/os": linux # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master tolerations: - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master effect: NoSchedule --- kind: Service apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper name: dashboard-metrics-scraper namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: ports: - port: 8000 targetPort: 8000 selector: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper --- kind: Deployment apiVersion: apps/v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper name: dashboard-metrics-scraper namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: replicas: 1 revisionHistoryLimit: 10 selector: matchLabels: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper template: metadata: labels: k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper annotations: seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default' spec: containers: - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.6 ports: - containerPort: 8000 protocol: TCP livenessProbe: httpGet: scheme: HTTP path: / port: 8000 initialDelaySeconds: 30 timeoutSeconds: 30 volumeMounts: - mountPath: /tmp name: tmp-volume securityContext: allowPrivilegeEscalation: false readOnlyRootFilesystem: true runAsUser: 1001 runAsGroup: 2001 serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard nodeSelector: "kubernetes.io/os": linux # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master tolerations: - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master effect: NoSchedule volumes: - name: tmp-volume emptyDir: {} ``` #### 2、设置访问端口 ```bash kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard ``` >type: ClusterIP 改为 type: NodePort ```bash kubectl get svc -A |grep kubernetes-dashboard ## 找到端口，在安全组放行 ``` 访问： https://集群任意IP:端口 https://139.198.165.238:32759 #### 3、创建访问账号 ```bash #创建访问账号，准备一个yaml文件； vi dash.yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: admin-user namespace: kubernetes-dashboard --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: admin-user roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: cluster-admin subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: admin-user namespace: kubernetes-dashboard ``` ```bash kubectl apply -f dash.yaml ``` #### 4、令牌访问 ```bash #获取访问令牌 kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get sa/admin-user -o jsonpath="{.secrets[0].name}") -o go-template="{{.data.token | base64decode}}" ``` ```bash eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6InpXSkU0TjhCUmVKQzBJaC03Nk9ES2NMZ1daRTRmQ1FMZU9rRUJ3VXRnM3MifQ.eyJpc3MiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50Iiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9uYW1lc3BhY2UiOiJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLWRhc2hib2FyZCIsImt1YmVybmV0ZXMuaW8vc2VydmljZWFjY291bnQvc2VjcmV0Lm5hbWUiOiJhZG1pbi11c2VyLXRva2VuLXgyczhmIiwia3ViZXJuZXRlcy5pby9zZXJ2aWNlYWNjb3VudC9zZXJ2aWNlLWFjY291bnQubmFtZSI6ImFkbWluLXVzZXIiLCJrdWJlcm5ldGVzLmlvL3NlcnZpY2VhY2NvdW50L3NlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudC51aWQiOiIzOTZmYjdlNS0wMjA2LTQxMjctOGQzYS0xMzRlODVmYjU0MDAiLCJzdWIiOiJzeXN0ZW06c2VydmljZWFjY291bnQ6a3ViZXJuZXRlcy1kYXNoYm9hcmQ6YWRtaW4tdXNlciJ9.Hf5mhl35_R0iBfBW7fF198h_klEnN6pRKfk_roAzOtAN-Aq21E4804PUhe9Rr9e_uFzLfoFDXacjJrHCuhiML8lpHIfJLK_vSD2pZNaYc2NWZq2Mso-BMGpObxGA23hW0nLQ5gCxlnxIAcyE76aYTAB6U8PxpvtVdgUknBVrwXG8UC_D8kHm9PTwa9jgbZfSYAfhOHWmZxNYo7CF2sHH-AT_WmIE8xLmB7J11vDzaunv92xoUoI0ju7OBA2WRr61bOmSd8WJgLCDcyBblxz4Wa-3zghfKlp0Rgb8l56AAI7ML_snF59X6JqaCuAcCJjIu0FUTS5DuyIObEeXY-z-Rw ``` 5、界面 ![image.png](/upload/2021/10/image-0f8e1e2e40a24a7baf1b6535b9f70374.png)