222 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
222 lines
9.1 KiB
Markdown
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---
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icon: edit
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date: 2023-04-05
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category:
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- 系统配置
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- windows
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tag:
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- chocolatey
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- pkgManger
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- winget
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headerDepth: 5
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---
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# windows 下包管理器
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# windows 下包管理器
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- chocolatey
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- winget
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- Scoop
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## chocolatey
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chocolatey 并非微软官方的包管理器，但却是最受欢迎的包管理器
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[chocolatey官网](https://chocolatey.org/)
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[官方安装文档](https://docs.chocolatey.org/en-us/choco/setup)
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[官方配置文档](https://docs.chocolatey.org/en-us/configuration)
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### CMD 安装
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```shell
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@"%SystemRoot%\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\powershell.exe" -NoProfile -InputFormat None -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command "[System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://community.chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))" && SET "PATH=%PATH%;%ALLUSERSPROFILE%\chocolatey\bin"
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```
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### powershell安装
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```shell
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Set-ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Scope Process -Force; [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [System.Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol -bor 3072; iex ((New-Object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://community.chocolatey.org/install.ps1'))
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```
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### 升级
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```
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choco upgrade chocolatey
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```
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### 卸载
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#### 文件夹
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Chocolatey 的大部分内容包含在C:\ProgramData\chocolatey或任何$env:ChocolateyInstall计算结果中。您可以简单地删除该文件夹。
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- 笔记
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您可以先备份子文件夹lib，bin以防万一您在删除 Chocolatey 时发现不良结果。请记住，并非每个 Chocolatey 包都是安装程序包，这些子文件夹中可能包含一些未安装的应用程序，这些应用程序可能会丢失。拥有备份将使您能够测试该方面。
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#### 环境变量
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有一些环境变量需要调整或删除。
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- ChocolateyInstall
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- ChocolateyToolsLocation
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- ChocolateyLastPathUpdate
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- PATH (will need updated to remove)
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### 使用
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使用巧克力
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现在你的机器上有 Chocolatey（需要安装？），你可以运行几个命令。
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查看命令参考。我们将使用安装命令。
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让我们安装Notepad++。
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以管理员身份打开命令行。
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键入choco install notepadplusplus并按 Enter。
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```
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choco install notepadplusplus
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```
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>就是这样。非常简单但功能强大的小概念！
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覆盖默认安装目录或其他高级安装概念
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是的，我们通过使用安装参数来支持它 - 请参阅安装参数
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如果您想将本机参数传递给安装程序，例如安装目录，您需要知道传递给该特定安装程序的静默参数，然后您可以在命令行或 packages.config 中指定它。
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>如果它是 MSI，那么通常您可以通过-ia "INSTALLDIR=""D:\Program Files"""（对于 cmd.exe，对于 PowerShell 则不同）。查看如何传递选项/开关以了解有关传递引用值的细节。
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>例如，Notepad++ 使用NSIS（NullSoft Scriptable Install System）安装程序。如果我们查看静默选项，我们会发现/D是我们影响安装目录的方式。所以我们会通过choco install notepadplusplus.install -ia
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>"'/D=E:\SomeDirectory\somebody\npp'"- 请注意，我们正在查看虚拟的特定包（尽管您也可以使用 notepadplusplus 执行相同的操作）。
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有没有更好的办法？绝对，看到无处不在的安装目录开关！
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## winget
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[微软官方文档](https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/package-manager/)
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[winget-GitHub](https://github.com/microsoft/winget-cli/releases)
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winget 是微软官方的包管理器。虽没有chocolatey受欢迎，但还是可以的
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### 安装
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#### 应用商店安装
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#### 安装包安装
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前往[winget-GitHub](https://github.com/microsoft/winget-cli/releases) 下载你需要安装版本的安装包 ```assest``` 下,文件后戳为 ```msixbundle``` 的安装包
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下载完成后双击安装
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### 使用
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重新打开一个cmd 窗口
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> install 安装给定的程序包
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show 显示包的相关信息
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source 管理程序包的来源
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search 查找并显示程序包的基本信息
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list 显示已安装的程序包
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upgrade 显示并执行可用升级
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uninstall 卸载给定的程序包
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hash 哈希安装程序的帮助程序
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validate 验证清单文件
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settings 打开设置或设置管理员设置
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features 显示实验性功能的状态
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export 导出已安装程序包的列表
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import 安装文件中的所有程序包
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```
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C:\Users\Hasee>winget --help
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Windows 程序包管理器(预览) v1.5.441-preview
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版权所有 (C) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
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WinGet 命令行实用工具可从命令行安装应用程序和其他程序包。
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使用情况: winget [<命令>] [<选项>]
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下列命令有效:
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install 安装给定的程序包
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show 显示包的相关信息
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source 管理程序包的来源
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search 查找并显示程序包的基本信息
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list 显示已安装的程序包
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upgrade 显示并执行可用升级
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uninstall 卸载给定的程序包
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hash 哈希安装程序的帮助程序
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validate 验证清单文件
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settings 打开设置或设置管理员设置
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features 显示实验性功能的状态
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export 导出已安装程序包的列表
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import 安装文件中的所有程序包
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如需特定命令的更多详细信息，请向其传递帮助参数。 [-?]
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下列选项可用：
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-v,--version 显示工具的版本
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--info 显示工具的常规信息
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-?,--help 显示选定命令的帮助信息
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--wait 提示用户在退出前按任意键
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--logs,--open-logs 打开默认日志位置
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--verbose,--verbose-logs 启用 WinGet 的详细日志记录
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--disable-interactivity 禁用交互式提示
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可在此找到更多帮助: "https://aka.ms/winget-command-help"
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```
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## Scoop
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Scoop 是一款Windows下的命令行软件管理工具
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简单来说,他比winget更强大(只是不够本土化,winget的软件本土化做的要更好一些,但对我来说在环境管理方面,scoop也有不可替代性)
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### 安装：
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打开 PowerShell 终端 (version 5.1 or later) 然后 运行:
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[项目地址github](https://github.com/ScoopInstaller/Scoop)
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[安装文档github](https://github.com/ScoopInstaller/Install)
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#### 非管理员安装
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```shell
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Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser #可选:第一次需要执行远程脚本
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irm get.scoop.sh | iex
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```
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#### 管理员安装
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```
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irm get.scoop.sh -outfile 'install.ps1'
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.\install.ps1 -RunAsAdmin -ScoopDir 'D:\env\Scoop' -ScoopGlobalDir 'D:\env\Scoop' -NoProxy
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```
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#### 指定环境变量
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两者的值可以设为一致
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```SCOOP``` 软件用户安装目录- 命令里 ScoopDir
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```SCOOP_GLOBAL``` 软件的全局安装目录- 命令里 ScoopGlobalDir
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### 使用
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```
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C:\Users\Hasee>scoop
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Usage: scoop <command> [<args>]
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Available commands are listed below.
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Type 'scoop help <command>' to get more help for a specific command.
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Command Summary
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------- -------
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alias Manage scoop aliases
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bucket Manage Scoop buckets
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cache Show or clear the download cache
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cat Show content of specified manifest.
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checkup Check for potential problems
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cleanup Cleanup apps by removing old versions
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config Get or set configuration values
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create Create a custom app manifest
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depends List dependencies for an app, in the order they'll be installed
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download Download apps in the cache folder and verify hashes
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export Exports installed apps, buckets (and optionally configs) in JSON format
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help Show help for a command
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hold Hold an app to disable updates
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home Opens the app homepage
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import Imports apps, buckets and configs from a Scoopfile in JSON format
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info Display information about an app
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install Install apps
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list List installed apps
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prefix Returns the path to the specified app
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reset Reset an app to resolve conflicts
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search Search available apps
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shim Manipulate Scoop shims
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status Show status and check for new app versions
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unhold Unhold an app to enable updates
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uninstall Uninstall an app
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update Update apps, or Scoop itself
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virustotal Look for app's hash or url on virustotal.com
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which Locate a shim/executable (similar to 'which' on Linux)
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```
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```
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scoop install nodejs
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Installing 'nodejs' (18.4.0) [64bit]
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node-v18.4.0-win-x64.7z (17.3 MB) [===================================] 100%
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Checking hash of node-v18.4.0-win-x64.7z ... ok.
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Extracting node-v18.4.0-win-x64.7z ... done.
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Linking ~\scoop\apps\nodejs\current => ~\scoop\apps\nodejs\18.4.0
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Persisting bin
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Persisting cache
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Running post_install script...
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'nodejs' (18.4.0) was installed successfully!
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```
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#### 安装缓慢
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可以指定环境变量 ```HTTP_PROXY``` 设置代理地址来加速
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### 卸载
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直接删除 ```SCOOP``` ```SCOOP_GLOBAL``` 环境变量所指的文件夹 可以完全删除
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