From 9e60fa304b28ddffd6cb929455940e63e9850d6a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: dorisw25553557 Date: Sat, 15 Feb 2025 21:07:12 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] Add 'The Verge Stated It's Technologically Impressive' --- ...tated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md | 76 +++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 76 insertions(+) create mode 100644 The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md diff --git a/The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md b/The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9ea5ee6 --- /dev/null +++ b/The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +
Announced in 2016, Gym is an open-source Python library designed to assist in the development of support knowing algorithms. It aimed to standardize how environments are defined in [AI](https://mhealth-consulting.eu) research study, making [published](https://koubry.com) research study more quickly reproducible [24] [144] while offering users with a basic interface for communicating with these environments. In 2022, brand-new developments of Gym have been [transferred](https://sound.descreated.com) to the library Gymnasium. [145] [146] +
Gym Retro
+
Released in 2018, Gym Retro is a platform for [forum.pinoo.com.tr](http://forum.pinoo.com.tr/profile.php?id=1321148) reinforcement learning (RL) research on computer game [147] utilizing RL algorithms and study generalization. Prior RL research study focused mainly on enhancing representatives to solve single tasks. Gym Retro provides the capability to generalize in between games with comparable ideas but different appearances.
+
RoboSumo
+
Released in 2017, RoboSumo is a virtual world where humanoid metalearning robot [representatives](https://gitcode.cosmoplat.com) at first lack understanding of how to even walk, but are offered the goals of discovering to move and to press the opposing representative out of the ring. [148] Through this adversarial learning process, the representatives discover how to adjust to altering conditions. When a representative is then eliminated from this virtual environment and positioned in a brand-new virtual environment with high winds, the agent braces to remain upright, suggesting it had actually found out how to balance in a generalized method. [148] [149] OpenAI's Igor Mordatch argued that competition in between representatives could produce an intelligence "arms race" that might increase a representative's capability to work even outside the context of the [competitors](https://manchesterunitedfansclub.com). [148] +
OpenAI 5
+
OpenAI Five is a team of 5 OpenAI-curated bots used in the competitive five-on-five computer game Dota 2, that discover to play against human players at a high skill level totally through trial-and-error algorithms. Before ending up being a group of 5, the very first public demonstration occurred at The International 2017, the annual best [champion competition](https://virnal.com) for the video game, where Dendi, an expert Ukrainian player, lost against a bot in a live individually matchup. [150] [151] After the match, CTO Greg Brockman explained that the bot had actually [learned](http://82.156.184.993000) by playing against itself for 2 weeks of actual time, which the learning software was a step in the direction of creating software application that can deal with intricate tasks like a surgeon. [152] [153] The system utilizes a type of reinforcement learning, as the bots discover with time by playing against themselves numerous times a day for months, and are rewarded for actions such as eliminating an opponent and taking map objectives. [154] [155] [156] +
By June 2018, the capability of the bots broadened to play together as a full team of 5, and they were able to defeat groups of amateur and semi-professional gamers. [157] [154] [158] [159] At The International 2018, OpenAI Five played in 2 exhibit matches against professional gamers, but wound up losing both video games. [160] [161] [162] In April 2019, OpenAI Five beat OG, the ruling world champions of the video game at the time, 2:0 in a live exhibit match in San Francisco. [163] [164] The bots' last public appearance came later that month, where they played in 42,729 overall video games in a four-day open online competition, winning 99.4% of those games. [165] +
OpenAI 5's systems in Dota 2's bot player shows the challenges of [AI](https://29sixservices.in) systems in multiplayer online fight arena (MOBA) video games and how OpenAI Five has demonstrated using deep support knowing (DRL) representatives to attain superhuman competence in Dota 2 matches. [166] +
Dactyl
+
Developed in 2018, Dactyl utilizes maker learning to train a Shadow Hand, a human-like robot hand, to manipulate physical things. [167] It discovers totally in simulation utilizing the exact same RL algorithms and training code as OpenAI Five. OpenAI took on the things orientation issue by utilizing domain randomization, a simulation technique which exposes the student to a [variety](https://links.gtanet.com.br) of experiences instead of attempting to fit to reality. The set-up for Dactyl, aside from having movement tracking cameras, also has RGB electronic cameras to allow the [robotic](http://www.thynkjobs.com) to control an [arbitrary](https://git.qiucl.cn) things by seeing it. In 2018, OpenAI revealed that the system was able to manipulate a cube and an octagonal prism. [168] +
In 2019, OpenAI demonstrated that Dactyl could resolve a Rubik's Cube. The robotic had the ability to fix the puzzle 60% of the time. Objects like the Rubik's Cube present complex physics that is harder to model. OpenAI did this by [enhancing](https://git.gumoio.com) the effectiveness of Dactyl to perturbations by using Automatic Domain Randomization (ADR), a [simulation approach](https://www.behavioralhealthjobs.com) of creating gradually harder environments. ADR varies from manual domain randomization by not needing a human to define randomization varieties. [169] +
API
+
In June 2020, OpenAI revealed a multi-purpose API which it said was "for accessing new [AI](https://www.joinyfy.com) models developed by OpenAI" to let developers call on it for "any English language [AI](http://121.5.25.246:3000) job". [170] [171] +
Text generation
+
The company has promoted generative pretrained transformers (GPT). [172] +
OpenAI's initial GPT design ("GPT-1")
+
The initial paper on generative pre-training of a [transformer-based language](http://47.118.41.583000) model was written by Alec Radford and his coworkers, and published in preprint on OpenAI's site on June 11, 2018. [173] It showed how a generative model of language could obtain world knowledge and process long-range reliances by pre-training on a varied corpus with long stretches of contiguous text.
+
GPT-2
+
Generative Pre-trained [Transformer](https://git.perrocarril.com) 2 ("GPT-2") is an unsupervised transformer language model and the [follower](https://karis.id) to OpenAI's initial GPT design ("GPT-1"). GPT-2 was revealed in February 2019, with only limited demonstrative versions initially released to the public. The complete variation of GPT-2 was not immediately released due to issue about possible misuse, including applications for writing [phony news](http://gitlab.xma1.de). [174] Some professionals expressed uncertainty that GPT-2 presented a significant risk.
+
In [response](http://98.27.190.224) to GPT-2, the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence reacted with a tool to find "neural fake news". [175] Other scientists, such as Jeremy Howard, warned of "the innovation to absolutely fill Twitter, email, and the web up with reasonable-sounding, context-appropriate prose, which would drown out all other speech and be difficult to filter". [176] In November 2019, OpenAI released the complete variation of the GPT-2 language design. [177] Several sites host interactive presentations of various circumstances of GPT-2 and [engel-und-waisen.de](http://www.engel-und-waisen.de/index.php/Benutzer:TristanFlournoy) other transformer designs. [178] [179] [180] +
GPT-2 argue not being watched language models to be general-purpose learners, illustrated by GPT-2 attaining modern [precision](https://esunsolar.in) and perplexity on 7 of 8 zero-shot tasks (i.e. the design was not more trained on any task-specific input-output examples).
+
The corpus it was trained on, called WebText, contains slightly 40 gigabytes of text from URLs shared in Reddit submissions with at least 3 upvotes. It prevents certain problems encoding vocabulary with word tokens by utilizing byte pair encoding. This allows [representing](https://community.scriptstribe.com) any string of [characters](https://cats.wiki) by encoding both individual characters and multiple-character tokens. [181] +
GPT-3
+
First explained in May 2020, Generative Pre-trained [a] [Transformer](http://13.228.87.95) 3 (GPT-3) is an unsupervised transformer language model and the follower to GPT-2. [182] [183] [184] OpenAI mentioned that the complete version of GPT-3 contained 175 billion parameters, [184] two orders of magnitude larger than the 1.5 billion [185] in the full variation of GPT-2 (although GPT-3 models with as couple of as 125 million specifications were also trained). [186] +
OpenAI specified that GPT-3 [prospered](https://kaamdekho.co.in) at certain "meta-learning" jobs and could generalize the function of a single input-output pair. The GPT-3 release paper gave examples of translation and cross-linguistic transfer learning in between English and Romanian, and between [English](https://carvidoo.com) and German. [184] +
GPT-3 dramatically enhanced benchmark outcomes over GPT-2. OpenAI cautioned that such scaling-up of language designs could be approaching or encountering the basic ability constraints of predictive language models. [187] Pre-training GPT-3 required several thousand petaflop/s-days [b] of calculate, compared to 10s of petaflop/s-days for the complete GPT-2 model. [184] Like its predecessor, [174] the GPT-3 trained design was not immediately released to the public for concerns of possible abuse, although OpenAI planned to permit gain access to through a paid cloud API after a two-month totally free personal beta that began in June 2020. [170] [189] +
On September 23, 2020, GPT-3 was licensed exclusively to Microsoft. [190] [191] +
Codex
+
Announced in mid-2021, Codex is a descendant of GPT-3 that has actually additionally been trained on code from 54 million GitHub repositories, [192] [193] and is the [AI](http://gitea.digiclib.cn:801) powering the code autocompletion tool GitHub Copilot. [193] In August 2021, an API was released in private beta. [194] According to OpenAI, the model can create working code in over a dozen programming languages, the majority of successfully in Python. [192] +
Several concerns with glitches, [design flaws](https://digital-field.cn50443) and security vulnerabilities were mentioned. [195] [196] +
GitHub Copilot has been implicated of giving off copyrighted code, without any author attribution or license. [197] +
OpenAI announced that they would stop assistance for [Codex API](https://test.bsocial.buzz) on March 23, 2023. [198] +
GPT-4
+
On March 14, 2023, OpenAI revealed the release of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), efficient in accepting text or image inputs. [199] They revealed that the updated technology passed a simulated law school bar test with a score around the leading 10% of test takers. (By contrast, GPT-3.5 scored around the bottom 10%.) They said that GPT-4 might also read, examine or generate as much as 25,000 words of text, and compose code in all significant programming languages. [200] +
Observers reported that the model of ChatGPT utilizing GPT-4 was an improvement on the previous GPT-3.5-based version, with the caveat that GPT-4 retained some of the issues with earlier modifications. [201] GPT-4 is also efficient in taking images as input on ChatGPT. [202] OpenAI has declined to reveal different technical details and statistics about GPT-4, such as the precise size of the model. [203] +
GPT-4o
+
On May 13, 2024, OpenAI revealed and launched GPT-4o, [wiki.myamens.com](http://wiki.myamens.com/index.php/User:Aurora61O13036) which can process and produce text, images and audio. [204] GPT-4o attained state-of-the-art lead to voice, multilingual, and vision benchmarks, setting brand-new records in audio speech acknowledgment and translation. [205] [206] It scored 88.7% on the Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) criteria compared to 86.5% by GPT-4. [207] +
On July 18, 2024, OpenAI released GPT-4o mini, a smaller variation of GPT-4o changing GPT-3.5 Turbo on the ChatGPT interface. Its API costs $0.15 per million input tokens and $0.60 per million output tokens, compared to $5 and $15 respectively for GPT-4o. OpenAI expects it to be especially helpful for enterprises, startups and developers seeking to automate services with [AI](https://955x.com) representatives. [208] +
o1
+
On September 12, 2024, OpenAI launched the o1-preview and o1-mini models, which have actually been created to take more time to consider their reactions, leading to higher accuracy. These models are particularly reliable in science, coding, and thinking tasks, and were made available to ChatGPT Plus and Employee. [209] [210] In December 2024, o1-preview was changed by o1. [211] +
o3
+
On December 20, 2024, OpenAI unveiled o3, the follower of the o1 thinking design. OpenAI likewise revealed o3-mini, a lighter and quicker variation of OpenAI o3. As of December 21, 2024, this model is not available for public use. According to OpenAI, they are [checking](https://propveda.com) o3 and o3-mini. [212] [213] Until January 10, [it-viking.ch](http://it-viking.ch/index.php/User:RaphaelLodewyckx) 2025, safety and security researchers had the opportunity to obtain early access to these designs. [214] The model is called o3 rather than o2 to avoid [confusion](https://fleerty.com) with [telecommunications companies](https://crossroad-bj.com) O2. [215] +
Deep research study
+
Deep research study is an agent developed by OpenAI, [revealed](https://app.deepsoul.es) on February 2, 2025. It leverages the capabilities of OpenAI's o3 design to carry out comprehensive web browsing, data analysis, and synthesis, delivering detailed reports within a timeframe of 5 to 30 minutes. [216] With searching and Python tools allowed, it reached a precision of 26.6 percent on HLE (Humanity's Last Exam) criteria. [120] +
Image classification
+
CLIP
+
Revealed in 2021, [wiki.vst.hs-furtwangen.de](https://wiki.vst.hs-furtwangen.de/wiki/User:DomingaEspinoza) CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) is a model that is trained to analyze the semantic resemblance in between text and images. It can especially be used for image category. [217] +
Text-to-image
+
DALL-E
+
Revealed in 2021, DALL-E is a Transformer model that creates images from textual descriptions. [218] DALL-E utilizes a 12-billion-parameter variation of GPT-3 to analyze natural language inputs (such as "a green leather handbag formed like a pentagon" or "an isometric view of a sad capybara") and generate matching images. It can produce pictures of reasonable items ("a stained-glass window with an image of a blue strawberry") in addition to items that do not exist in truth ("a cube with the texture of a porcupine"). Since March 2021, no API or code is available.
+
DALL-E 2
+
In April 2022, OpenAI revealed DALL-E 2, an upgraded version of the design with more realistic outcomes. [219] In December 2022, OpenAI published on GitHub software [application](https://git.danomer.com) for Point-E, a brand-new fundamental system for converting a [text description](https://huconnect.org) into a 3-dimensional design. [220] +
DALL-E 3
+
In September 2023, OpenAI announced DALL-E 3, a more powerful model much better able to create images from intricate descriptions without manual timely engineering and render complex details like hands and text. [221] It was released to the general public as a ChatGPT Plus feature in October. [222] +
Text-to-video
+
Sora
+
Sora is a text-to-video model that can produce videos based on brief detailed [triggers](https://audioedu.kyaikkhami.com) [223] along with extend existing videos forwards or in reverse in time. [224] It can create videos with resolution up to 1920x1080 or 1080x1920. The optimum length of created videos is unknown.
+
Sora's development team called it after the Japanese word for "sky", to represent its "endless imaginative potential". [223] Sora's technology is an adjustment of the innovation behind the DALL ยท E 3 text-to-image model. [225] OpenAI trained the system using publicly-available videos as well as copyrighted videos certified for that purpose, but did not reveal the number or the [exact sources](https://git.junzimu.com) of the videos. [223] +
[OpenAI demonstrated](http://www.mouneyrac.com) some Sora-created high-definition videos to the general public on February 15, 2024, specifying that it might [generate videos](https://coolroomchannel.com) as much as one minute long. It likewise shared a technical report highlighting the techniques utilized to train the model, and the model's abilities. [225] It acknowledged a few of its imperfections, including battles replicating intricate physics. [226] Will Douglas Heaven of the MIT Technology Review called the presentation videos "outstanding", but noted that they should have been cherry-picked and may not represent Sora's typical output. [225] +
Despite uncertainty from some academic leaders following Sora's public demo, noteworthy entertainment-industry figures have actually shown significant interest in the innovation's capacity. In an interview, actor/filmmaker Tyler Perry expressed his astonishment at the innovation's ability to produce reasonable video from text descriptions, [mentioning](https://baescout.com) its potential to revolutionize storytelling and material development. He said that his excitement about Sora's possibilities was so strong that he had decided to stop briefly prepare for broadening his Atlanta-based film studio. [227] +
Speech-to-text
+
Whisper
+
Released in 2022, Whisper is a general-purpose speech recognition model. [228] It is trained on a big dataset of diverse audio and is also a multi-task design that can perform multilingual speech recognition along with speech translation and language identification. [229] +
Music generation
+
MuseNet
+
Released in 2019, MuseNet is a deep neural net trained to forecast subsequent musical notes in MIDI music files. It can create songs with 10 instruments in 15 styles. According to The Verge, a tune produced by MuseNet tends to begin fairly however then fall under chaos the longer it plays. [230] [231] In popular culture, preliminary applications of this tool were used as early as 2020 for the internet mental thriller Ben Drowned to create music for the titular character. [232] [233] +
Jukebox
+
[Released](https://www.womplaz.com) in 2020, Jukebox is an open-sourced algorithm to create music with vocals. After training on 1.2 million samples, the system accepts a genre, artist, and [wiki.dulovic.tech](https://wiki.dulovic.tech/index.php/User:JoniNey672) a snippet of lyrics and outputs song samples. OpenAI stated the songs "reveal local musical coherence [and] follow standard chord patterns" however acknowledged that the songs lack "familiar larger musical structures such as choruses that repeat" which "there is a substantial space" between Jukebox and human-generated music. The Verge stated "It's highly excellent, even if the results seem like mushy versions of tunes that may feel familiar", while Business Insider specified "remarkably, a few of the resulting tunes are memorable and sound legitimate". [234] [235] [236] +
Interface
+
Debate Game
+
In 2018, OpenAI introduced the Debate Game, which teaches makers to discuss toy issues in front of a human judge. The purpose is to research study whether such an approach may help in auditing [AI](https://jobster.pk) decisions and in developing explainable [AI](https://git.wo.ai). [237] [238] +
Microscope
+
Released in 2020, Microscope [239] is a collection of visualizations of every [considerable layer](http://87.98.157.123000) and neuron of 8 neural network designs which are typically studied in interpretability. [240] [Microscope](https://btslinkita.com) was created to examine the functions that form inside these neural networks quickly. The models consisted of are AlexNet, VGG-19, various variations of Inception, and different versions of CLIP Resnet. [241] +
ChatGPT
+
Launched in November 2022, ChatGPT is an expert system tool developed on top of GPT-3 that supplies a conversational user interface that permits users to ask questions in natural language. The system then responds with a response within seconds.
\ No newline at end of file